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At War Within: The Double-Edged Sword of Immunity, by William R. Clark
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In the seventeenth century, smallpox reigned as the world's worst killer. Luck, more than anything else, decided who would live and who would die. That is, until Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, an English aristocrat, moved to Constantinople and noticed the Turkish practice of "ingrafting" or inoculation, which, she wrote, made "the small- pox...entirely harmless." Convinced by what she witnessed, she allowed her six-year-old son to be ingrafted, and the treatment was a complete success--the young Montagu enjoyed lifelong immunity from smallpox. Lady Montagu's discovery would, however, remain a quiet one; it would be almost 150 years before inoculation (in the more modern form of vaccination) would become widely accepted while the medical community struggled to understand the way our bodies defend themselves against disease.
William Clark's At War Within takes us on a fascinating tour through the immune system, examining the history of its discovery, the ways in which it protects us, and how it may bring its full force to bear at the wrong time or in the wrong place. Scientists have only gradually come to realize that this elegant defense system not only has the potential to help, as in the case of smallpox, but also the potential to do profound harm in health problems ranging from allergies to AIDS, and from organ transplants to cancer. Dr. Clark discusses the myriad of medical problems involving the immune system, and he systematically explains each one. For example, in both tuberculosis and AIDS, the underlying pathogens take up residence within the immune system itself, something Clark compares to having a prowler take up residence in your house, crawling around through the walls and ceilings while waiting to do you in. He discusses organ transplants, showing how the immune system can work far too well, and touching on the heated ethical debate over the use of both primate and human organs. He explores the mind's powerful ability to influence the performance of the immune system; and the speculation that women, because they have developed more powerful immune systems in connection with childbearing, are more prone than men to contract certain diseases such as lupus. In a fascinating chapter on AIDS, arguably the most deadly epidemic seen on Earth since the smallpox, Clark explains how the disease originated and the ways in which it operates. And, in each section, we learn about the most recent medical breakthroughs.
At first glance, it may appear that our immune system faces daunting odds; it must learn to successfully fend off, not thousands, but millions of different types of microbes. Fortunately, according to Clark, it would be almost impossible to imagine a more elegant strategy for our protection than the one chosen by our immune system, and his At War Within provides a thorough and engaging explanation of this most complex and delicately balanced mechanism.
- Sales Rank: #2222843 in Books
- Published on: 1997-05-29
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.00" h x .55" w x 5.25" l, .90 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 288 pages
From Library Journal
Today the news informs us that our collective health is under attack. Tuberculosis is on the resurgence, AIDS continues its onslaught, and allergies plague many people. Clark, who teaches immunology at UCLA, unites these subjects and others in a lucid discussion of our body's immune system. Devoting each chapter to a unique malady or condition, he provides the details needed to understand our immune structure, particularly when it unravels and turns on itself. These details do not overwhelm the general reader's grasp of the topic; instead they support it. Clark's presentation is straightforward, arranged well, and includes historical background. Highly recommended for all collections.?Michael David Cramer, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State Univ. Libs., Blacksburg
Copyright 1996 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
The immune system is a lifesaver, but it can overkill--that is, attack its possessor's friends as well as its enemies. Clark explains this highly technical subject clearly; nevertheless, readers will have to actively cogitate as they read. The brain and the immune system are the only parts of the body that have memory, and the immune system's can become confused if the signals it receives are unclear or if it misinterprets them. In such situations, autoimmune diseases occur, also the assaults on the body related to AIDS as well as to other infections. The immune system is basically bipartite, consisting of B cells and antibodies on the one hand, of T cells and lymphokines on the other; as knowledge of these two systems has grown, theories about them have changed accordingly. Although microbial pathogens can mutate incredibly quickly, immunologic diversity enables speedy response to virtually any form of attacker. Clark sees communication between the brain and the immune system as the most fascinating aspect of the complex, vitally important part of our being that the immune system is. William Beatty
Review
"Clark's historical background and clear explanations of...microscopic processes offer the kind of primer that lay readers will find valuable."--Business Week
"Explain[s] the rudiments of the immune system and the terrible consequences that can occur when the immune system is absent, as with AIDS, or when it is misguided, as with autoimmune diseases like lupus.... And there is a tantalizing section on the new discipline of psychoneuroimmunology--the relation of the mind to the immune system."--Anna Fels, The New York Times Book Review
Most helpful customer reviews
17 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
Clark is a gem.
By Earl Dennis
Most neurosurgeons and astrophysicists are busy constructing the future. Some of these overacheivers suffer from a mild mental disorder called hypergraphia and compulsively write stuff down. Fortunately Dr. William Clark suffers from hypergraphia and we benefit hugely because we can look into his mind by reading his books, and what a view it is. This book is essentially about mammalian immunology. Immunology is an odd subject to get because its quite dynamic, meaning its operation is determined by a wide array of parts. Clark's book is short, sweet and to the point. He covers the basics and proceeds with case studies that bring the lay reader close to his profession without having to spend years in postdoc research doing so. His opening account of the rancerous competition between France's Louis Pasteur and Germany's Robert Koch is fantastic reading for the bonified dork. Most interestingly, Clark primes us with some genetic engineering technique in his marvelous description of SCID, severe combined immune deficiency, and its concomitant 'magic bullet' cure based on the gene therapy associated with a monogenetic disorder; interesting stuff here. His coverage of autoimmune disorders alone makes this brief, action packed essay worth the price. Clark makes the mind numbing world of immunology a little bit friendlier here.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Our Immune System: A Mixed Blessing.
By wry and mighty
Clark's description of the war being waged within all of us demarcates the front lines: where our immune system (however functional or dysfunctional it may be) must constantly react to foreign microorganisms and our own cells. Not only does Clark discuss congenital immune diseases that leave some of us in various states of vulnerability, he also goes into detail about allergies, asthma, TB, viral hepatitis B, and other diseases in which the immune system wreaks havoc in the body, causing more damage than the intruding antigens.
Prior to his description of the war within, he provides a brief history of vaccination and an overview of the immune system's anatomy. The second half of the book contains chapters on the devastation of AIDS, the ethical dilemmas surrounding immunosuppresants and organ transplantation, and an insightful description of the electrochemical dialogue between the brain and immune system. The final chapter of the book explains how immunological thought developed during the 20th century, culminating in Burnet's clonal selection theory - which explains how we can protect ourselves (usually) against a seemingly infinite universe of pathogens without destroying our own bodies (usually). Great read, great book!
17 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
It made knowing the body so easy I was a professor when done
By A Customer
This is a fantastic book if you want to begin to know how your body and immune system work. From colds to cancer, It simplified and helped me to know how to begin the course of a natural cure. It put years of study about disease in real focus.
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